Introduction to Server operating systems

 Generally there are two types of operating systems are available. They are
server OS and Client OS. server OS in the sense it is the capable of creating and maintaining more than 10000 users. All servers are computer on-in network that provides services to other computers on the network.
Example: Web server, print server, file server & etc.

   On the other hand, client OS is capable only minimum level (upto 20 users). This is for only Windows operating systems. But in Linux we can use Linux's client OS as a server OS by use of server tools.

   Consider you are running a Linux server (Or Windows server too), you might be follow the below instructions in order to get the best performance.
Example of server OS: REDHAT 7 server 7, Ubuntu server 14.04.1 & Windows 2012

Characteristics of Server OS

1. The server OS is should be non user friendly. Because making an non user friendly operating system as a server OS can be protect from accessing third parties in to the server system
2. The server OS may not have any multimedia features, sound cards & fancy  web browsers. Because this are all unnecessary for a server OS.
3. The best choice of server interface is CLI. Mostly GUI is not recommended. GUI takes more CPU, power & memory utilizations. 
4. Another one important  thing is GUI is makes security holes. To be secured CLI is the best way of maintaining server operating system
5. Run necessary services only. Disable/stop unwanted services. For example, you are maintaining a web server then only run web related services like httpd, Apache and so on. But practically still unwanted services is there on the server. To disabling unwanted services are increases the speed of performance of a server

 

Shell script for startup programs

We are already discussed about creating startup applications via terminal in previous article.

All the time adding and configuring is takes more time. To reduce the time, at the place we need shell script.
To do this, open terminal and create a shell via your favorite text editor.

               $vim startup.sh
               echo "Welcome to Autostart program!"
               echo "Type your configuration file name"
               read confname
               echo "Enter your script path"
               read path
               echo "Enter your program name"
               read pgname
               echo "[Desktop Entry]
               Type=Application
               Exec=$path
               Hidden=false
               X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
               Name=$pgname" >> ~/.config/autostart/$confname\.desktop


Now save and quite by using :wq.

We need to change it as executable. To do this,

              $chmod +x startup.sh

Script is ready for using startup applications.Run the script,

              $sh startup.sh

//It will ask questions. just fillup. The shell script can be done.

Explanation:
         echo = is used to print text
         read = It is used to grab information from users
         $       = Grabbed information can be displayed
         \        = It is the escaping character in shell script. It is act as a delimiter when we are using standard symbols instead of a script file.
If you have any problem while doing this script, kindly post your problems as a comments. Thank you for reading!

Creating startup scripts via terminal

Every time believing GUI is not helpful. We can also use GUI tool called "Startup Applications" in Ubuntu. If you run minimal server than GUI tool is not possible to help us.

Now am going to perform startup scripts via terminal
Consider i want to run terminal on system startup.
To do this, open terminal and create a shellscript file by using any text editor. In this i am using Vim. You can use any application or script. Now i am creating startup program for gnome-terminal.

     $vim terminal.sh
     gnome-terminal
     :wq

Now, create .desktop file in ~/.config/autostart/ directory.

     $vim ~/.config/autostart/terminal.desktop
      [Desktop Entry]
      Type=Application
      Exec=/home/buvanesh/terminal.sh
      Hidden=false
      X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
      Name=terminal
      :wq

where,
      Exe= Executable file/script path
      Hidden is set to be true if you want to run the script in visible else we can hide it by set to be false.
       X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
       You are running a GUI based script, then it should be set to true else we can set to false
 Now restart the machine, you can able to run script on startup time.

How to install Deepin OS

Deepin is the one of best user friendly distribution in Linux. It is look like Apple’s Mac OS environment. Anyway, Deepin is absolute beginners Linux distribution. Basically, Deepin is based on Ubuntu distribution. 

 

The Deepin OS consist of all necessary softwares included like, Deepin Music, Deepin Movie etc. So we don’t need to install third parties codecs. It’s a Chinese make operating system

Pre requirements:

• Deepin ISO

       To get deepin iso,

       http://cdimage.linuxdeepin.com/releases/2014.3 /deepin_2014.3_i386.iso

• Minimum 4 GB Pen drive
• Minimum 8 GB hard disk space:

       To make partition on your hard drive. Read my previous article . 8 GB is      minimum. But anyway 15 GB is recommended.

• Unetboot software

You can get this software on the following link, 

http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net

make sure you are installed the software.

Making Pen drive bootable:

Open Unetboot software, then select disk image

 

And browse & select the iso. start the process.

Installation Procedure:

After completing the process restart the machine and press F12. (It may varies on computer manufacture, F12 is common for Acer. F9 for HP machine)

 

Select language

  Then click to install button

 

in this, type username (username might be lowercase)

After completing all, then select next button

Select partition and click install

That’s all.

If you find any problem when installing the OS, share your thoughts in comment section.

Making disk partition in Windows

The disk partitioning is the process of making free space or split a space on a hard drive. Mostly hard disk partitioning is required for whenever we installing new operating system and as well as our requirement.
To do this,
Right click on computer icon and select Manage

In Storage section you will see Disk Management.

 

In this area, select any drive you want to make partition, then right click and select Shrink Volume, be patient it may requires time to response.

enter your required space in "Enter the amount of space to shrink in MB" . Then click next, next, next. That’s all about making disk partitioning